Getting full authority of subdomain DNS or IP rDNS
Using +trace could you help understanding DNS/rDNS resolution from the beginning of authority
Tracing subdomain DNS example
# dig www.hostinginside.com +trace
; <<>> DiG 9.9.7-P3 <<>> www.hostinginside.com +trace ;; global options: +cmd .            197651    IN    NS    g.root-servers.net. .            197651    IN    NS    j.root-servers.net. .            197651    IN    NS    d.root-servers.net. .            197651    IN    NS    h.root-servers.net. .            197651    IN    NS    m.root-servers.net. .            197651    IN    NS    b.root-servers.net. .            197651    IN    NS    i.root-servers.net. .            197651    IN    NS    k.root-servers.net. .            197651    IN    NS    c.root-servers.net. .            197651    IN    NS    a.root-servers.net. .            197651    IN    NS    e.root-servers.net. .            197651    IN    NS    f.root-servers.net. .            197651    IN    NS    l.root-servers.net. .            197651    IN    RRSIG    NS 8 0 518400 20180224050000 20180211040000 41824 . Y77nNi7hwrLAqwyo0u/5o4KYsBr1l3zy4p1vZmCki2hk3ASkbPn4pHBK xkaUkoeg76UX0/LAMxIP9DrP2zt++HUA7ergfnJeQXajKbXcy8h1ssqy T73dfykONhNHEG16t7hGDWNQIi+Ezfx9nCx0ewbSToFYR/U6Dl5B295N FFbj2eJCBxC2jM7urx0rg8nYS7ZQ0Ad/+y8gc9KG39yXdxVk1PUO1Xz3 pSYkOfSdFZ3JP8WsY0k3vVXZRQL64T8fQNZqbklBWN+2okuK0zbepuWb Jfd1w24hty/KkguTpMbFjR+hdQMx6qGpraG1mC1Vf5/67fjaiM0vHzxO W5vdvg== ;; Received 525 bytes from 8.8.8.8#53(8.8.8.8) in 12 ms
com.            172800    IN    NS    m.gtld-servers.net. com.            172800    IN    NS    k.gtld-servers.net. com.            172800    IN    NS    a.gtld-servers.net. com.            172800    IN    NS    f.gtld-servers.net. com.            172800    IN    NS    l.gtld-servers.net. com.            172800    IN    NS    i.gtld-servers.net. com.            172800    IN    NS    h.gtld-servers.net. com.            172800    IN    NS    b.gtld-servers.net. com.            172800    IN    NS    d.gtld-servers.net. com.            172800    IN    NS    g.gtld-servers.net. com.            172800    IN    NS    j.gtld-servers.net. com.            172800    IN    NS    c.gtld-servers.net. com.            172800    IN    NS    e.gtld-servers.net. com.            86400    IN    DS    30909 8 2 E2D3C916F6DEEAC73294E8268FB5885044A833FC5459588F4A9184CF C41A5766 com.            86400    IN    RRSIG    DS 8 1 86400 20180225050000 20180212040000 41824 . e4YpbzCHNFEGv/fMFiztcs2uDD+SrpzsQXxisBrpEv2mDpykxFmlnsrv 9Lb5brRXUFrpnIIddAiYwPYjFoVks8/QEHhy5vsE9TgUK3NaoLiZ7GDC eMkR3IR3mbnNnIracKNHE9qcpCxx18nVPTeY+C69r2UwK/q9yj8s8Ppx zQ+gniCa6cjzPY7tfdVqvCvS16+JhLvd9ZrelbHzyCrKVR++EvEpjyVj aPbrhXpH+J9FZUHnxNQmQVE6oCyYZJASOcauoBic2TOsUtQ+TFYUAazc yN7amTBQhYbQFfrtsX8cOZiDGZkgdB881++8pYSMwsH69YVbwo0nAbGb KzDY3A== ;; Received 1181 bytes from 199.9.14.201#53(b.root-servers.net) in 144 ms
hostinginside.com.    172800    IN    NS    ns1.hostinginside.com. hostinginside.com.    172800    IN    NS    ns2.hostinginside.com. hostinginside.com.    172800    IN    NS    ns3.hostinginside.com. CK0POJMG874LJREF7EFN8430QVIT8BSM.com. 86400 IN NSEC3 1 1 0 - CK0Q1GIN43N1ARRC9OSM6QPQR81H5M9A NS SOA RRSIG DNSKEY NSEC3PARAM CK0POJMG874LJREF7EFN8430QVIT8BSM.com. 86400 IN RRSIG NSEC3 8 2 86400 20180217054554 20180210043554 46967 com. r4SYGc8AxdJu8pAMAAh2sLTkYU8Hm5XglZHtpsIn6s0SFLbRVvzg/wN0 qTpY+cKoJgD3aLCKlppMssIziGfmqF1kI37nk1n21wEC4PCUFZ/SX2Vi Zg3zJOraE0fBVtd4/5Jox6fW9B7rv2MCyQqzfMnHlGDeO34V9RMHfcfa JG0= N0KI91NL65Q0FK57SC0LEAKJVNOOU8RB.com. 86400 IN NSEC3 1 1 0 - N0KO4TIKJP5I83PU912MQC1478EOHKKC NS DS RRSIG N0KI91NL65Q0FK57SC0LEAKJVNOOU8RB.com. 86400 IN RRSIG NSEC3 8 2 86400 20180216055726 20180209044726 46967 com. rYPhwH387cktlPeWX2YMbAYxu2Ww5OvOpIHv59DaAhyqjbdGYLIgJ2Zv FO6g+EsNm0NOtocgvw0jBYjYo5Oc7KZWX1gFv7yP1JOr2YhNYMVdZYv/ T5koiD/ZBUSLFKsOCiQ0BOH0/B68Q32KUvGbB2yIBMepyoJ5WMs9f5xn cMM= ;; Received 637 bytes from 192.26.92.30#53(c.gtld-servers.net) in 298 ms
www.hostinginside.com.    14400    IN    A    173.254.221.102 hostinginside.com.    14400    IN    NS    ns1.hostinginside.com. hostinginside.com.    14400    IN    NS    ns3.hostinginside.com. hostinginside.com.    14400    IN    NS    ns2.hostinginside.com. ;; Received 168 bytes from 89.163.183.183#53(ns2.hostinginside.com) in 303 ms
Tracing IP rDNS example
# dig -x 103.98.72.1 +trace
; <<>> DiG 9.9.7-P3 <<>> -x 103.98.72.1 +trace ;; global options: +cmd .            184459    IN    NS    k.root-servers.net. .            184459    IN    NS    c.root-servers.net. .            184459    IN    NS    m.root-servers.net. .            184459    IN    NS    j.root-servers.net. .            184459    IN    NS    a.root-servers.net. .            184459    IN    NS    h.root-servers.net. .            184459    IN    NS    g.root-servers.net. .            184459    IN    NS    e.root-servers.net. .            184459    IN    NS    i.root-servers.net. .            184459    IN    NS    f.root-servers.net. .            184459    IN    NS    b.root-servers.net. .            184459    IN    NS    d.root-servers.net. .            184459    IN    NS    l.root-servers.net. .            184459    IN    RRSIG    NS 8 0 518400 20180222050000 20180209040000 41824 . gXGOk9nxFjeMh2OIP7AxPR0539XeunoNqIk4i37nhUMcPuqFGOGddYvr F5FmdorUuiIPpdYo+k1hKBFFs4nNTpIP6j9H55EAP6OJVp05FoXhIFkm O1t7LRt3h43QKnvf/1YCIi1R9SQCgS/R4V+P8kMyVRU7S/2SGs9Nu9Ew dCJqEBfF6mEcBkuPJb4wrdZios39xk/xFx6hcadjtJmzEzbc9/OGV/Dy B5hTUMHeb26lCgtn6fGDvAEREstp8+SBjahkTQ4clw/b3PqCHdM5jXYr 0tSSoisRB5ZBTMuaZoZX3m3VeOEgDgfsu68xwm3srvzgAHiwqkt76VWP zXZlqw== ;; Received 525 bytes from 8.8.8.8#53(8.8.8.8) in 8 ms
in-addr.arpa.        172800    IN    NS    b.in-addr-servers.arpa. in-addr.arpa.        172800    IN    NS    c.in-addr-servers.arpa. in-addr.arpa.        172800    IN    NS    a.in-addr-servers.arpa. in-addr.arpa.        172800    IN    NS    f.in-addr-servers.arpa. in-addr.arpa.        172800    IN    NS    d.in-addr-servers.arpa. in-addr.arpa.        172800    IN    NS    e.in-addr-servers.arpa. in-addr.arpa.        86400    IN    DS    47054 8 2 5CAFCCEC201D1933B4C9F6A9C8F51E51F3B39979058AC21B8DF1B1F2 81CBC6F2 in-addr.arpa.        86400    IN    DS    53696 8 2 13E5501C56B20394DA921B51412D48B7089C5EB6957A7C58553C4D4D 424F04DF in-addr.arpa.        86400    IN    DS    63982 8 2 AAF4FB5D213EF25AE44679032EBE3514C487D7ABD99D7F5FEC3383D0 30733C73 in-addr.arpa.        86400    IN    RRSIG    DS 8 2 86400 20180225000000 20180211230000 28984 arpa. HcaP32AErfOUYfKLDnldXcNPSTZOqkN62VFg1ZxYBDsvtwS6nzGezAk5 uws7a8jI2kcuYjqsFaeSoWyktPnAJjnEHXMt/oc0zC2svM9Q4NAAC56o JBhrfvIfUpkHhd+o2Ysv3T9QDyH76ZS6278xjfy00LWjfrzDwsV6bSi3 koU= ;; Received 737 bytes from 192.36.148.17#53(i.root-servers.net) in 11 ms
103.in-addr.arpa.    86400    IN    NS    ns1.apnic.net. 103.in-addr.arpa.    86400    IN    NS    ns2.apnic.net. 103.in-addr.arpa.    86400    IN    NS    ns2.lacnic.net. 103.in-addr.arpa.    86400    IN    NS    ns3.apnic.net. 103.in-addr.arpa.    86400    IN    NS    apnic.authdns.ripe.net. 103.in-addr.arpa.    86400    IN    NS    tinnie.arin.net. 103.in-addr.arpa.    86400    IN    DS    23947 5 1 1B8E91E198AA24079C40EB17053328427E6490BD 103.in-addr.arpa.    86400    IN    DS    23947 5 2 B4256ADA99F59A2BE8974809B2A1374B61C3EA3AA303B6B92B19866F 4C3533C1 103.in-addr.arpa.    86400    IN    RRSIG    DS 8 3 86400 20180227205608 20180207001201 43878 in-addr.arpa. yHZDw1RBIfkt40g5VQAOonhafW8UfPdz3pLJtjVRloaGpj6wAKWbXkp3 oWo0SH2yEnWrWZRHmqBwMOML8FNbiECuCgUaLAMD5ZSo76aWwcFEa/Fr o1elGN94F2zjIr1S9l+2885JjERE7DM2arlbquv5WxWomEph10V8UtEw 8Ck= ;; Received 456 bytes from 199.253.183.183#53(b.in-addr-servers.arpa) in 342 ms
72.98.103.in-addr.arpa.    86400    IN    NS    ns3.hostinginside.com. 72.98.103.in-addr.arpa.    86400    IN    NS    ns1.hostinginside.com. 72.98.103.in-addr.arpa.    86400    IN    NS    ns2.hostinginside.com. 72.98.103.in-addr.arpa.    172800    IN    NSEC    73.98.103.in-addr.arpa. NS RRSIG NSEC 72.98.103.in-addr.arpa.    172800    IN    RRSIG    NSEC 5 5 172800 20180314031803 20180212021803 65197 103.in-addr.arpa. KM+0M06wABqmyx6zQtqL/KabZojhlzup4SeNxs95LVCrUDLFIjx4aY7X EbUmeMn9uWInAHe84K848trAdLzHDwvKHQg1VXy0KNmCi8ERewm17lWc qSXkcRKI3eSvB9UqGnyOW1ybMmBriXJAONP2d+uNO9k+96Yo07hBunu0 nTY= ;; Received 344 bytes from 202.12.28.131#53(ns3.apnic.net) in 41 ms
1.72.98.103.in-addr.arpa. 14400    IN    PTR    103-98-72-1.hostinginside.com. 72.98.103.in-addr.arpa.    86400    IN    NS    ns3.hostinginside.com. 72.98.103.in-addr.arpa.    86400    IN    NS    ns1.hostinginside.com. 72.98.103.in-addr.arpa.    86400    IN    NS    ns2.hostinginside.com. ;; Received 198 bytes from 139.99.5.16#53(ns3.hostinginside.com) in 70 ms